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Types

File = ptr CFile: The type representing a file handle. Source Edit
FileMode = enum fmRead, ## Open the file for read access only. fmWrite, ## Open the file for write access only. ## If the file does not exist, it will be ## created. Existing files will be cleared! fmReadWrite, ## Open the file for read and write access. ## If the file does not exist, it will be ## created. Existing files will be cleared! fmReadWriteExisting, ## Open the file for read and write access. ## If the file does not exist, it will not be ## created. The existing file will not be cleared. fmAppend ## Open the file for writing only; append data ## at the end.: The file mode when opening a file. Source Edit
FileHandle = cint: type that represents an OS file handle; this is useful for low-level file access Source Edit

Vars

stdin: File: The standard input stream. Source Edit
stdout: File: The standard output stream. Source Edit
stderr: File: The standard error stream. Source Edit

Procs

proc readBuffer(f: File; buffer: pointer; len: Natural): int {...}{.tags: [ReadIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

reads len bytes into the buffer pointed to by buffer. Returns the actual number of bytes that have been read which may be less than len (if not as many bytes are remaining), but not greater. Source Edit

proc readBytes(f: File; a: var openArray[int8 | uint8]; start, len: Natural): int {...}{. tags: [ReadIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0.}

reads len bytes into the buffer a starting at a[start]. Returns the actual number of bytes that have been read which may be less than len (if not as many bytes are remaining), but not greater. Source Edit

proc readChars(f: File; a: var openArray[char]; start, len: Natural): int {...}{. tags: [ReadIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

reads len bytes into the buffer a starting at a[start]. Returns the actual number of bytes that have been read which may be less than len (if not as many bytes are remaining), but not greater.

Warning: The buffer a must be pre-allocated. This can be done using, for example, newString.

proc write(f: File; c: cstring) {...}{.tags: [WriteIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

Writes a value to the file f. May throw an IO exception. Source Edit

proc writeBuffer(f: File; buffer: pointer; len: Natural): int {...}{.tags: [WriteIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

writes the bytes of buffer pointed to by the parameter buffer to the file f. Returns the number of actual written bytes, which may be less than len in case of an error. Source Edit

proc writeBytes(f: File; a: openArray[int8 | uint8]; start, len: Natural): int {...}{. tags: [WriteIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0.}

writes the bytes of a[start..start+len-1] to the file f. Returns the number of actual written bytes, which may be less than len in case of an error. Source Edit

proc writeChars(f: File; a: openArray[char]; start, len: Natural): int {...}{. tags: [WriteIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

writes the bytes of a[start..start+len-1] to the file f. Returns the number of actual written bytes, which may be less than len in case of an error. Source Edit

proc write(f: File; s: string) {...}{.tags: [WriteIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

Source Edit

proc close(f: File) {...}{.tags: [], gcsafe, raises: [].}

Closes the file. Source Edit

proc readChar(f: File): char {...}{.tags: [ReadIOEffect], raises: [IOError, EOFError].}

Reads a single character from the stream f. Should not be used in performance sensitive code. Source Edit

proc flushFile(f: File) {...}{.tags: [WriteIOEffect], raises: [].}

Flushes f's buffer. Source Edit

proc getFileHandle(f: File): FileHandle {...}{.raises: [], tags: [].}

returns the file handle of the file f. This is only useful for platform specific programming. Note that on Windows this doesn't return the Windows-specific handle, but the C library's notion of a handle, whatever that means. Use getOsFileHandle instead. Source Edit

proc getOsFileHandle(f: File): FileHandle {...}{.raises: [], tags: [].}

returns the OS file handle of the file f. This is only useful for platform specific programming. Source Edit

proc readLine(f: File; line: var TaintedString): bool {...}{.tags: [ReadIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

reads a line of text from the file f into line. May throw an IO exception. A line of text may be delimited by LF or CRLF. The newline character(s) are not part of the returned string. Returns false if the end of the file has been reached, true otherwise. If false is returned line contains no new data. Source Edit

proc readLine(f: File): TaintedString {...}{.tags: [ReadIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError, EOFError].}

reads a line of text from the file f. May throw an IO exception. A line of text may be delimited by LF or CRLF. The newline character(s) are not part of the returned string. Source Edit

proc write(f: File; i: int) {...}{.tags: [WriteIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

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proc write(f: File; i: BiggestInt) {...}{.tags: [WriteIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

Source Edit

proc write(f: File; b: bool) {...}{.tags: [WriteIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

Source Edit

proc write(f: File; r: float32) {...}{.tags: [WriteIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

Source Edit

proc write(f: File; r: BiggestFloat) {...}{.tags: [WriteIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

Source Edit

proc write(f: File; c: char) {...}{.tags: [WriteIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [].}

Source Edit

proc write(f: File; a: varargs[string, `$`]) {...}{.tags: [WriteIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

Source Edit

proc endOfFile(f: File): bool {...}{.tags: [], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [].}

Returns true iff f is at the end. Source Edit

proc readAll(file: File): TaintedString {...}{.tags: [ReadIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

Reads all data from the stream file.

Raises an IO exception in case of an error. It is an error if the current file position is not at the beginning of the file.

proc writeLine[Ty](f: File; x: varargs[Ty, `$`]) {...}{.inline, tags: [WriteIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0.}

writes the values x to f and then writes "\n". May throw an IO exception. Source Edit

proc open(f: var File; filename: string; mode: FileMode = fmRead; bufSize: int = -1): bool {...}{. tags: [], raises: [], gcsafe, locks: 0.}

Opens a file named filename with given mode.

Default mode is readonly. Returns true iff the file could be opened. This throws no exception if the file could not be opened.

proc reopen(f: File; filename: string; mode: FileMode = fmRead): bool {...}{.tags: [], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [].}

reopens the file f with given filename and mode. This is often used to redirect the stdin, stdout or stderr file variables.

Default mode is readonly. Returns true iff the file could be reopened.

proc open(f: var File; filehandle: FileHandle; mode: FileMode = fmRead): bool {...}{.tags: [], raises: [], gcsafe, locks: 0.}

Creates a File from a filehandle with given mode.

Default mode is readonly. Returns true iff the file could be opened.

proc open(filename: string; mode: FileMode = fmRead; bufSize: int = -1): File {...}{. raises: [IOError], tags: [].}

Opens a file named filename with given mode.

Default mode is readonly. Raises an IOError if the file could not be opened.

proc setFilePos(f: File; pos: int64; relativeTo: FileSeekPos = fspSet) {...}{.gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError], tags: [].}

sets the position of the file pointer that is used for read/write operations. The file's first byte has the index zero. Source Edit

proc getFilePos(f: File): int64 {...}{.gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError], tags: [].}

retrieves the current position of the file pointer that is used to read from the file f. The file's first byte has the index zero. Source Edit

proc getFileSize(f: File): int64 {...}{.tags: [ReadIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

retrieves the file size (in bytes) of f. Source Edit

proc setStdIoUnbuffered() {...}{.tags: [], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [].}

Configures stdin, stdout and stderr to be unbuffered. Source Edit

proc readFile(filename: string): TaintedString {...}{.tags: [ReadIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

Opens a file named filename for reading, calls readAll and closes the file afterwards. Returns the string. Raises an IO exception in case of an error. If you need to call this inside a compile time macro you can use staticRead. Source Edit

proc writeFile(filename, content: string) {...}{.tags: [WriteIOEffect], gcsafe, locks: 0, raises: [IOError].}

Opens a file named filename for writing. Then writes the content completely to the file and closes the file afterwards. Raises an IO exception in case of an error. Source Edit

proc readLines(filename: string; n: Natural): seq[TaintedString] {...}{. raises: [IOError, EOFError], tags: [ReadIOEffect].}

read n lines from the file named filename. Raises an IO exception in case of an error. Raises EOF if file does not contain at least n lines. Available at compile time. A line of text may be delimited by LF or CRLF. The newline character(s) are not part of the returned strings. Source Edit

proc readLines(filename: string): seq[TaintedString] {...}{. deprecated: "use readLines with two arguments", raises: [IOError, EOFError], tags: [ReadIOEffect].}

Deprecated: use readLines with two arguments

Source Edit

Iterators

iterator lines(filename: string): TaintedString {...}{.tags: [ReadIOEffect], raises: [IOError].}

Iterates over any line in the file named filename.

If the file does not exist IOError is raised. The trailing newline character(s) are removed from the iterated lines. Example:

import strutils

proc transformLetters(filename: string) =
  var buffer = ""
  for line in filename.lines:
    buffer.add(line.replace("a", "0") & '\x0A')
  writeFile(filename, buffer)

iterator lines(f: File): TaintedString {...}{.tags: [ReadIOEffect], raises: [IOError].}

Iterate over any line in the file f.

The trailing newline character(s) are removed from the iterated lines. Example:

proc countZeros(filename: File): tuple[lines, zeros: int] =
  for line in filename.lines:
    for letter in line:
      if letter == '0':
        result.zeros += 1
    result.lines += 1

Templates

template stdmsg(): File: Template which expands to either stdout or stderr depending on useStdoutAsStdmsg compile-time switch. Source Edit