Source Edit

This module implements a high-level cross-platform sockets interface. The procedures implemented in this module are primarily for blocking sockets. For asynchronous non-blocking sockets use the asyncnet module together with the asyncdispatch module.

The first thing you will always need to do in order to start using sockets, is to create a new instance of the Socket type using the newSocket procedure.

SSL

In order to use the SSL procedures defined in this module, you will need to compile your application with the -d:ssl flag. See the newContext procedure for additional details.

SSL on Windows

On Windows the SSL library checks for valid certificates. It uses the cacert.pem file for this purpose which was extracted from https://curl.se/ca/cacert.pem. Besides the OpenSSL DLLs (e.g. libssl-1_1-x64.dll, libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll) you also need to ship cacert.pem with your .exe file.

Examples

Connecting to a server

After you create a socket with the newSocket procedure, you can easily connect it to a server running at a known hostname (or IP address) and port. To do so over TCP, use the example below.

Example: cmd: -r:off

import std/net
let socket = newSocket()
socket.connect("google.com", Port(80))

For SSL, use the following example:

Example: cmd: -r:off -d:ssl

import std/net
let socket = newSocket()
let ctx = newContext()
wrapSocket(ctx, socket)
socket.connect("google.com", Port(443))

UDP is a connectionless protocol, so UDP sockets don't have to explicitly call the connect procedure. They can simply start sending data immediately.

Example: cmd: -r:off

import std/net
let socket = newSocket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP)
socket.sendTo("192.168.0.1", Port(27960), "status\n")

Example: cmd: -r:off

import std/net
let socket = newSocket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP)
let ip = parseIpAddress("192.168.0.1")
doAssert socket.sendTo(ip, Port(27960), "status\c\l") == 8

Creating a server

After you create a socket with the newSocket procedure, you can create a TCP server by calling the bindAddr and listen procedures.

Example: cmd: -r:off

import std/net
let socket = newSocket()
socket.bindAddr(Port(1234))
socket.listen()

# You can then begin accepting connections using the `accept` procedure.
var client: Socket
var address = ""
while true:
  socket.acceptAddr(client, address)
  echo "Client connected from: ", address

Imports

since, nativesockets, os, strutils, times, sets, options, monotimes, ssl_config, winlean, openssl, ssl_certs, winlean

Types

Certificate = string: DER encoded certificate Source Edit
IpAddress = object case family*: IpAddressFamily ## the type of the IP address (IPv4 or IPv6) of IpAddressFamily.IPv6: address_v6*: array[0 .. 15, uint8] ## Contains the IP address in bytes in ## case of IPv6 of IpAddressFamily.IPv4: address_v4*: array[0 .. 3, uint8] ## Contains the IP address in bytes in ## case of IPv4: stores an arbitrary IP address Source Edit
IpAddressFamily {.pure.} = enum IPv6, ## IPv6 address IPv4 ## IPv4 address: Describes the type of an IP address Source Edit
ReadLineResult = enum ReadFullLine, ReadPartialLine, ReadDisconnected, ReadNone: result for readLineAsync Source Edit
SOBool = enum OptAcceptConn, OptBroadcast, OptDebug, OptDontRoute, OptKeepAlive, OptOOBInline, OptReuseAddr, OptReusePort, OptNoDelay: Boolean socket options. Source Edit
Socket = ref SocketImpl: Source Edit
SocketFlag {.pure.} = enum Peek, SafeDisconn ## Ensures disconnection exceptions (ECONNRESET, EPIPE etc) are not thrown.: Source Edit
SocketImpl = object when defineSsl: ## stores the last error on this socket: socket type Source Edit
SslAcceptResult = enum AcceptNoClient = 0, AcceptNoHandshake, AcceptSuccess: Source Edit
SslClientGetPskFunc = proc (hint: string): tuple[identity: string, psk: string]: Source Edit
SslContext = ref object context*: SslCtx: Source Edit
SslCVerifyMode = enum CVerifyNone, CVerifyPeer, CVerifyPeerUseEnvVars: Source Edit
SslError = object of CatchableError: Source Edit
SslHandshakeType = enum handshakeAsClient, handshakeAsServer: Source Edit
SslProtVersion = enum protSSLv2, protSSLv3, protTLSv1, protSSLv23: Source Edit
SslServerGetPskFunc = proc (identity: string): string: Source Edit
TimeoutError = object of CatchableError: Source Edit

Consts

BufferSize: int = 4000: size of a buffered socket's buffer Source Edit
MaxLineLength = 1000000: Source Edit

Procs

proc `$`(address: IpAddress): string {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Converts an IpAddress into the textual representation Source Edit
proc `==`(lhs, rhs: IpAddress): bool {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Compares two IpAddresses for Equality. Returns true if the addresses are equal Source Edit
proc accept(server: Socket; client: var owned(Socket); flags = {SafeDisconn}; inheritable = defined(nimInheritHandles)) {....tags: [ReadIOEffect], raises: [OSError, IOError, SslError], forbids: [].}: Equivalent to acceptAddr but doesn't return the address, only the socket.

The SocketHandle associated with the resulting client will not be inheritable by child processes by default. This can be changed via the inheritable parameter.

The accept call may result in an error if the connecting socket disconnects during the duration of the accept. If the SafeDisconn flag is specified then this error will not be raised and instead accept will be called again.
Source Edit
proc acceptAddr(server: Socket; client: var owned(Socket); address: var string; flags = {SafeDisconn}; inheritable = defined(nimInheritHandles)) {. ...tags: [ReadIOEffect], gcsafe, raises: [OSError, IOError, SslError], forbids: [].}: Blocks until a connection is being made from a client. When a connection is made sets client to the client socket and address to the address of the connecting client. This function will raise OSError if an error occurs.

The resulting client will inherit any properties of the server socket. For example: whether the socket is buffered or not.

The SocketHandle associated with the resulting client will not be inheritable by child processes by default. This can be changed via the inheritable parameter.

The accept call may result in an error if the connecting socket disconnects during the duration of the accept. If the SafeDisconn flag is specified then this error will not be raised and instead accept will be called again.
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proc bindAddr(socket: Socket; port = Port(0); address = "") {. ...tags: [ReadIOEffect], raises: [ValueError, OSError], forbids: [].}: Binds address:port to the socket.

If address is "" then ADDR_ANY will be bound.
Source Edit
proc bindUnix(socket: Socket; path: string) {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Binds Unix socket to path. This only works on Unix-style systems: Mac OS X, BSD and Linux Source Edit
proc clientGetPskFunc(ctx: SslContext): SslClientGetPskFunc {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Source Edit
proc clientGetPskFunc=(ctx: SslContext; fun: SslClientGetPskFunc) {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Sets function that returns the client identity and the PSK based on identity hint from the server.

Only used in PSK ciphersuites.
Source Edit
proc close(socket: Socket; flags = {SafeDisconn}) {. ...raises: [LibraryError, Exception, SslError, OSError], tags: [RootEffect], forbids: [].}: Closes a socket.

If socket is an SSL/TLS socket, this proc will also send a closure notification to the peer. If SafeDisconn is in flags, failure to do so due to disconnections will be ignored. This is generally safe in practice. See here for more details.
Source Edit
proc connect(socket: Socket; address: string; port = Port(0)) {. ...tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect], raises: [OSError, SslError], forbids: [].}: Connects socket to address:port. Address can be an IP address or a host name. If address is a host name, this function will try each IP of that host name. htons is already performed on port so you must not do it.

If socket is an SSL socket a handshake will be automatically performed.
Source Edit
proc connect(socket: Socket; address: string; port = Port(0); timeout: int) {. ...tags: [ReadIOEffect, WriteIOEffect, RootEffect], raises: [OSError, TimeoutError], forbids: [].}: Connects to server as specified by address on port specified by port.

The timeout parameter specifies the time in milliseconds to allow for the connection to the server to be made.
Source Edit
proc connectUnix(socket: Socket; path: string) {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Connects to Unix socket on path. This only works on Unix-style systems: Mac OS X, BSD and Linux Source Edit
proc destroyContext(ctx: SslContext) {....raises: [SslError], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Free memory referenced by SslContext. Source Edit
proc dial(address: string; port: Port; protocol = IPPROTO_TCP; buffered = true): owned( Socket) {....tags: [ReadIOEffect, WriteIOEffect], raises: [OSError, IOError], forbids: [].}: Establishes connection to the specified address:port pair via the specified protocol. The procedure iterates through possible resolutions of the address until it succeeds, meaning that it seamlessly works with both IPv4 and IPv6. Returns Socket ready to send or receive data. Source Edit
proc fromSockAddr(sa: Sockaddr_storage | SockAddr | Sockaddr_in | Sockaddr_in6; sl: SockLen; address: var IpAddress; port: var Port) {.inline.}: Converts SockAddr and SockLen to IpAddress and Port. Raises ObjectConversionDefect in case of invalid sa and sl arguments. Source Edit
proc getExtraData(ctx: SslContext; index: int): RootRef {....raises: [SslError], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Retrieves arbitrary data stored inside SslContext. Source Edit
proc getFd(socket: Socket): SocketHandle {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Returns the socket's file descriptor Source Edit
proc getLocalAddr(socket: Socket): (string, Port) {. ...raises: [OSError, Exception], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Get the socket's local address and port number.

This is high-level interface for getsockname.
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proc getPeerAddr(socket: Socket): (string, Port) {....raises: [OSError, Exception], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Get the socket's peer address and port number.

This is high-level interface for getpeername.
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proc getPeerCertificates(socket: Socket): seq[Certificate] {. ...raises: [Exception], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Returns the certificate chain received by the peer we are connected to through the given socket. The handshake must have been completed and the certificate chain must have been verified successfully or else an empty sequence is returned. The chain is ordered from leaf certificate to root certificate. Source Edit
proc getPeerCertificates(sslHandle: SslPtr): seq[Certificate] {. ...raises: [Exception], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Returns the certificate chain received by the peer we are connected to through the OpenSSL connection represented by sslHandle. The handshake must have been completed and the certificate chain must have been verified successfully or else an empty sequence is returned. The chain is ordered from leaf certificate to root certificate. Source Edit
proc getPrimaryIPAddr(dest = parseIpAddress("8.8.8.8")): IpAddress {. ...raises: [OSError, OSError, SslError, ValueError, Exception, LibraryError], tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect], forbids: [].}: Finds the local IP address, usually assigned to eth0 on LAN or wlan0 on WiFi, used to reach an external address. Useful to run local services.

No traffic is sent.

Supports IPv4 and v6. Raises OSError if external networking is not set up.

Example: cmd: -r:off

echo getPrimaryIPAddr() # "192.168.1.2"
Source Edit
proc getPskIdentity(socket: Socket): string {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Gets the PSK identity provided by the client. Source Edit
proc getSocketError(socket: Socket): OSErrorCode {....raises: [OSError], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Checks osLastError for a valid error. If it has been reset it uses the last error stored in the socket object. Source Edit
proc getSockOpt(socket: Socket; opt: SOBool; level = SOL_SOCKET): bool {. ...tags: [ReadIOEffect], raises: [OSError], forbids: [].}: Retrieves option opt as a boolean value. Source Edit
proc gotHandshake(socket: Socket): bool {....raises: [SslError], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Determines whether a handshake has occurred between a client (socket) and the server that socket is connected to.

Throws SslError if socket is not an SSL socket.
Source Edit
proc hasDataBuffered(s: Socket): bool {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Determines whether a socket has data buffered. Source Edit
proc IPv4_any(): IpAddress {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Returns the IPv4 any address, which can be used to listen on all available network adapters Source Edit
proc IPv4_broadcast(): IpAddress {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Returns the IPv4 broadcast address (255.255.255.255) Source Edit
proc IPv4_loopback(): IpAddress {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Returns the IPv4 loopback address (127.0.0.1) Source Edit
proc IPv6_any(): IpAddress {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Returns the IPv6 any address (::0), which can be used to listen on all available network adapters Source Edit
proc IPv6_loopback(): IpAddress {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Returns the IPv6 loopback address (::1) Source Edit
proc isDisconnectionError(flags: set[SocketFlag]; lastError: OSErrorCode): bool {. ...raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Determines whether lastError is a disconnection error. Only does this if flags contains SafeDisconn. Source Edit
proc isIpAddress(addressStr: string): bool {....tags: [], raises: [], forbids: [].}: Checks if a string is an IP address Returns true if it is, false otherwise Source Edit
proc isSsl(socket: Socket): bool {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Determines whether socket is a SSL socket. Source Edit
proc listen(socket: Socket; backlog = SOMAXCONN) {....tags: [ReadIOEffect], raises: [OSError], forbids: [].}: Marks socket as accepting connections. Backlog specifies the maximum length of the queue of pending connections.

Raises an OSError error upon failure.
Source Edit
proc newContext(protVersion = protSSLv23; verifyMode = CVerifyPeer; certFile = ""; keyFile = ""; cipherList = CiphersIntermediate; caDir = ""; caFile = ""; ciphersuites = CiphersModern): SslContext {. ...raises: [LibraryError, SslError, Exception, IOError, OSError], tags: [RootEffect, ReadDirEffect, ReadEnvEffect, ReadIOEffect], forbids: [].}: Creates an SSL context.

Protocol version is currently ignored by default and TLS is used. With -d:openssl10, only SSLv23 and TLSv1 may be used.

There are three options for verify mode: CVerifyNone: certificates are not verified; CVerifyPeer: certificates are verified; CVerifyPeerUseEnvVars: certificates are verified and the optional environment variables SSL_CERT_FILE and SSL_CERT_DIR are also used to locate certificates

The nimDisableCertificateValidation define overrides verifyMode and disables certificate verification globally!

CA certificates will be loaded, in the following order, from:

caFile, caDir, parameters, if set

if verifyMode is set to CVerifyPeerUseEnvVars, the SSL_CERT_FILE and SSL_CERT_DIR environment variables are used

a set of files and directories from the ssl_certs file.

The last two parameters specify the certificate file path and the key file path, a server socket will most likely not work without these.

Certificates can be generated using the following command:

openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout mykey.pem -out mycert.pem

or using ECDSA:

openssl ecparam -out mykey.pem -name secp256k1 -genkey

openssl req -new -key mykey.pem -x509 -nodes -days 365 -out mycert.pem

Source Edit
proc newSocket(domain, sockType, protocol: cint; buffered = true; inheritable = defined(nimInheritHandles)): owned(Socket) {. ...raises: [OSError], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Creates a new socket.

The SocketHandle associated with the resulting Socket will not be inheritable by child processes by default. This can be changed via the inheritable parameter.

If an error occurs OSError will be raised.
Source Edit
proc newSocket(domain: Domain = AF_INET; sockType: SockType = SOCK_STREAM; protocol: Protocol = IPPROTO_TCP; buffered = true; inheritable = defined(nimInheritHandles)): owned(Socket) {. ...raises: [OSError], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Creates a new socket.

The SocketHandle associated with the resulting Socket will not be inheritable by child processes by default. This can be changed via the inheritable parameter.

If an error occurs OSError will be raised.
Source Edit
proc newSocket(fd: SocketHandle; domain: Domain = AF_INET; sockType: SockType = SOCK_STREAM; protocol: Protocol = IPPROTO_TCP; buffered = true): owned(Socket) {. ...raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Creates a new socket as specified by the params. Source Edit
proc parseIpAddress(addressStr: string): IpAddress {....raises: [ValueError], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Parses an IP address

Raises ValueError on error.

For IPv4 addresses, only the strict form as defined in RFC 6943 is considered valid, see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6943#section-3.1.1.
Source Edit
proc pskIdentityHint=(ctx: SslContext; hint: string) {....raises: [SslError], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Sets the identity hint passed to server.

Only used in PSK ciphersuites.
Source Edit
proc raiseSSLError(s = "") {....raises: [SslError], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Raises a new SSL error. Source Edit
proc readLine(socket: Socket; line: var string; timeout = -1; flags = {SafeDisconn}; maxLength = MaxLineLength) {. ...tags: [ReadIOEffect, TimeEffect], raises: [TimeoutError, OSError, SslError], forbids: [].}: Reads a line of data from socket.

If a full line is read \r\L is not added to line, however if solely \r\L is read then line will be set to it.

If the socket is disconnected, line will be set to "".

An OSError exception will be raised in the case of a socket error.

A timeout can be specified in milliseconds, if data is not received within the specified time a TimeoutError exception will be raised.

The maxLength parameter determines the maximum amount of characters that can be read. The result is truncated after that.

Warning: Only the SafeDisconn flag is currently supported.
Source Edit
proc recv(socket: Socket; data: pointer; size: int): int {....tags: [ReadIOEffect], raises: [], forbids: [].}: Receives data from a socket.

Note: This is a low-level function, you may be interested in the higher level versions of this function which are also named recv.
Source Edit
proc recv(socket: Socket; data: pointer; size: int; timeout: int): int {. ...tags: [ReadIOEffect, TimeEffect], raises: [TimeoutError, OSError], forbids: [].}: overload with a timeout parameter in milliseconds. Source Edit
proc recv(socket: Socket; data: var string; size: int; timeout = -1; flags = {SafeDisconn}): int {....raises: [TimeoutError, OSError, SslError], tags: [ReadIOEffect, TimeEffect], forbids: [].}: Higher-level version of recv.

Reads up to size bytes from socket into data.

For buffered sockets this function will attempt to read all the requested data. It will read this data in BufferSize chunks.

For unbuffered sockets this function makes no effort to read all the data requested. It will return as much data as the operating system gives it.

When 0 is returned the socket's connection has been closed.

This function will throw an OSError exception when an error occurs. A value lower than 0 is never returned.

A timeout may be specified in milliseconds, if enough data is not received within the time specified a TimeoutError exception will be raised.

Warning: Only the SafeDisconn flag is currently supported.
Source Edit
proc recv(socket: Socket; size: int; timeout = -1; flags = {SafeDisconn}): string {. inline, ...raises: [TimeoutError, OSError, SslError], tags: [ReadIOEffect, TimeEffect], forbids: [].}: Higher-level version of recv which returns a string.

Reads up to size bytes from socket into the result.

For buffered sockets this function will attempt to read all the requested data. It will read this data in BufferSize chunks.

For unbuffered sockets this function makes no effort to read all the data requested. It will return as much data as the operating system gives it.

When "" is returned the socket's connection has been closed.

This function will throw an OSError exception when an error occurs.

A timeout may be specified in milliseconds, if enough data is not received within the time specified a TimeoutError exception will be raised.

Warning: Only the SafeDisconn flag is currently supported.
Source Edit
proc recvFrom[T: string | IpAddress](socket: Socket; data: var string; length: int; address: var T; port: var Port; flags = 0'i32): int {. ...tags: [ReadIOEffect].}: Receives data from socket. This function should normally be used with connection-less sockets (UDP sockets). The source address of the data packet is stored in the address argument as either a string or an IpAddress.

If an error occurs an OSError exception will be raised. Otherwise the return value will be the length of data received.

Warning: This function does not yet have a buffered implementation, so when socket is buffered the non-buffered implementation will be used. Therefore if socket contains something in its buffer this function will make no effort to return it.
Source Edit
proc recvLine(socket: Socket; timeout = -1; flags = {SafeDisconn}; maxLength = MaxLineLength): string {. ...raises: [TimeoutError, OSError, SslError], tags: [ReadIOEffect, TimeEffect], forbids: [].}: Reads a line of data from socket.

If a full line is read \r\L is not added to the result, however if solely \r\L is read then the result will be set to it.

If the socket is disconnected, the result will be set to "".

An OSError exception will be raised in the case of a socket error.

A timeout can be specified in milliseconds, if data is not received within the specified time a TimeoutError exception will be raised.

The maxLength parameter determines the maximum amount of characters that can be read. The result is truncated after that.

Warning: Only the SafeDisconn flag is currently supported.
Source Edit
proc send(socket: Socket; data: pointer; size: int): int {. ...tags: [WriteIOEffect], raises: [], forbids: [].}: Sends data to a socket.

Note: This is a low-level version of send. You likely should use the version below.
Source Edit
proc send(socket: Socket; data: string; flags = {SafeDisconn}; maxRetries = 100) {. ...tags: [WriteIOEffect], raises: [SslError, OSError], forbids: [].}: Sends data to a socket. Will try to send all the data by handling interrupts and incomplete writes up to maxRetries. Source Edit
proc sendTo(socket: Socket; address: IpAddress; port: Port; data: string; flags = 0'i32): int {.discardable, ...tags: [WriteIOEffect], raises: [OSError], forbids: [].}: This proc sends data to the specified IpAddress and returns the number of bytes written.

Generally for use with connection-less (UDP) sockets.

If an error occurs an OSError exception will be raised.

This is the high-level version of the above sendTo function.
Source Edit
proc sendTo(socket: Socket; address: string; port: Port; data: pointer; size: int; af: Domain = AF_INET; flags = 0'i32) {. ...tags: [WriteIOEffect], raises: [OSError], forbids: [].}: This proc sends data to the specified address, which may be an IP address or a hostname, if a hostname is specified this function will try each IP of that hostname. This function should normally be used with connection-less sockets (UDP sockets).

If an error occurs an OSError exception will be raised.

Note: You may wish to use the high-level version of this function which is defined below.

Note: This proc is not available for SSL sockets.
Source Edit
proc sendTo(socket: Socket; address: string; port: Port; data: string) {. ...tags: [WriteIOEffect], raises: [OSError], forbids: [].}: This proc sends data to the specified address, which may be an IP address or a hostname, if a hostname is specified this function will try each IP of that hostname.

Generally for use with connection-less (UDP) sockets.

If an error occurs an OSError exception will be raised.

This is the high-level version of the above sendTo function.
Source Edit
proc serverGetPskFunc(ctx: SslContext): SslServerGetPskFunc {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Source Edit
proc serverGetPskFunc=(ctx: SslContext; fun: SslServerGetPskFunc) {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Sets function that returns PSK based on the client identity.

Only used in PSK ciphersuites.
Source Edit
proc sessionIdContext=(ctx: SslContext; sidCtx: string) {....raises: [SslError], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Sets the session id context in which a session can be reused. Used for permitting clients to reuse a session id instead of doing a new handshake.

TLS clients might attempt to resume a session using the session id context, thus it must be set if verifyMode is set to CVerifyPeer or CVerifyPeerUseEnvVars, otherwise the connection will fail and SslError will be raised if resumption occurs.

Only useful if set server-side.

Should be unique per-application to prevent clients from malfunctioning.

sidCtx must be at most 32 characters in length.

Source Edit
proc setExtraData(ctx: SslContext; index: int; data: RootRef) {. ...raises: [SslError], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Stores arbitrary data inside SslContext. The unique index should be retrieved using getSslContextExtraDataIndex. Source Edit
proc setSockOpt(socket: Socket; opt: SOBool; value: bool; level = SOL_SOCKET) {. ...tags: [WriteIOEffect], raises: [OSError], forbids: [].}: Sets option opt to a boolean value specified by value.
Example: cmd: -r:off

let socket = newSocket() socket.setSockOpt(OptReusePort, true) socket.setSockOpt(OptNoDelay, true, level = IPPROTO_TCP.cint)
Source Edit
proc skip(socket: Socket; size: int; timeout = -1) {. ...raises: [TimeoutError, OSError], tags: [TimeEffect, ReadIOEffect], forbids: [].}: Skips size amount of bytes.

An optional timeout can be specified in milliseconds, if skipping the bytes takes longer than specified a TimeoutError exception will be raised.

Returns the number of skipped bytes.
Source Edit
proc socketError(socket: Socket; err: int = -1; async = false; lastError = -1.OSErrorCode; flags: set[SocketFlag] = {}) {. ...gcsafe, raises: [SslError, OSError], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Source Edit
proc sslHandle(self: Socket): SslPtr {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Retrieve the ssl pointer of socket. Useful for interfacing with openssl. Source Edit
proc toCInt(opt: SOBool): cint {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Converts a SOBool into its Socket Option cint representation. Source Edit
proc toOSFlags(socketFlags: set[SocketFlag]): cint {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Converts the flags into the underlying OS representation. Source Edit
proc toSockAddr(address: IpAddress; port: Port; sa: var Sockaddr_storage; sl: var SockLen) {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Converts IpAddress and Port to SockAddr and SockLen Source Edit
proc trySend(socket: Socket; data: string): bool {....tags: [WriteIOEffect], raises: [], forbids: [].}: Safe alternative to send. Does not raise an OSError when an error occurs, and instead returns false on failure. Source Edit
proc wrapConnectedSocket(ctx: SslContext; socket: Socket; handshake: SslHandshakeType; hostname: string = "") {. ...raises: [SslError, Exception], tags: [RootEffect], forbids: [].}: Wraps a connected socket in an SSL context. This function effectively turns socket into an SSL socket. hostname should be specified so that the client knows which hostname the server certificate should be validated against.

This should be called on a connected socket, and will perform an SSL handshake immediately.

FIXME: Disclaimer: This code is not well tested, may be very unsafe and prone to security vulnerabilities.
Source Edit
proc wrapSocket(ctx: SslContext; socket: Socket) {....raises: [SslError], tags: [], forbids: [].}: Wraps a socket in an SSL context. This function effectively turns socket into an SSL socket.

This must be called on an unconnected socket; an SSL session will be started when the socket is connected.

FIXME: Disclaimer: This code is not well tested, may be very unsafe and prone to security vulnerabilities.
Source Edit

Templates

template `&=`(socket: Socket; data: typed): an alias for 'send'. Source Edit

Exports

Port, $, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, ==, Domain, SockType, Protocol